You also need to know them to figure out the formula from their names. The common prefixes are given in this Table. Note that some of the prefixes may change slightly when they are applied to the names. Some of the examples show the variations. This particular resource used the following sources:.
Skip to main content. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. Search for:. Naming Molecular Compounds. Positive to positive and negative to negative ionic bonds do not occur. Most cations and anions can combine to form solid compounds that are usually known as salts. Its older name is cupric chloride. An ionic compound is named first by its cation and then by its anion. The cation has the same name as its element. For example, NaF is also known as sodium fluoride. If either the cation or the anion was a polyatomic ion, the polyatomic ion name is used in the name of the overall compound.
The polyatomic ion name stays the same. For example, Ca NO 3 2 is called calcium nitrate. For cations that take on multiple charges typically transition metals , the charge is written using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the element name.
This compound is therefore, copper II nitrate. Names of some ionic compounds : Common, or trivial, names of compounds are sometimes used in informal conversations between chemists, especially older chemists. Systematic names are formal names that are always used in print. Since some metallic elements form cations that have different positive charges, the names of ionic compounds derived from these elements must contain some indication of the cation charge.
The older method uses the suffixes -ous and -ic to denote the lower and higher charges, respectively. This system is still used, although it has been officially supplanted by the more precise, if slightly cumbersome, Stock system. In both systems, the name of the anion ends in -ide. Molecular compounds are named using a systematic approach of prefixes to indicate the number of each element present in the compound.
The primary function of chemical nomenclature is to ensure that a spoken or written chemical name leaves no ambiguity concerning to what chemical compound the name refers. Each chemical name should refer to a single substance. Today, scientists often refer to chemicals by their common names: for example, water is not often called dihydrogen oxide. However, it is important to be able to recognize and name all chemicals in a standardized way.
Molecular compounds are made when two or more elements share electrons in a covalent bond to connect the elements. Typically, non-metals tend to share electrons, make covalent bonds, and thus, form molecular compounds. Generally, the more electropositive atom is written first, followed by the more electronegative atom with an appropriate suffix. Organic molecules molecules made of C and H along with other elements do not follow this rule. How do you name alkenes with alcohols? How do you name alkenes with double bonds?
How do you name alkynes with two triple bonds? See all questions in Naming Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes. Impact of this question views around the world. You can reuse this answer Creative Commons License.
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