We do not know how Jacques Cartier learned the art of navigation, but Saint-Malo, the town where he was born between the summer and winter of , was at the time one of the most important ports in Europe.
In he probably accompanied Giovanni da Verrazzano on unofficial explorations initiated by the king of France. Some ten years later, Jacques Cartier was a sufficiently experienced navigator to be asked by Francis I to undertake the official exploration of North America. There is no doubt that he was already familiar with the sea route that he took in The following April 20, the navigator from Saint-Malo cast off with two ships and a crew of Twenty days later he reached Newfoundland.
After erecting a cross at Saint-Servan on the north coast of the Gulf, Cartier tacked to the south. He first encountered the Magdalen Islands, and then set course for present-day Prince Edward Island, failing to notice that it was in fact an island. Cartier then moved on to Chaleur Bay, where he encountered some Micmacs on July 7. The talks were accompanied by a swapping of items, which history has recorded as the first act of trade between the French and Amerindians.
Initially trusting and cordial, relations were tarnished when Jacques Cartier claimed possession of the territory on July The foot cross he erected at Pointe-Penouille seemed improper to Donnacona, the Native chief. Fearing the consequences of this discontent, Cartier lied, describing the cross as an insignificant landmark.
After navigating the strait separating Anticosti Island from the north shore, he set off again for Saint-Malo, where he landed on September 5. The St. Lawrence River had not been discovered. He established his base in Quebec. His third trip was his last, and colonists abandoned the settlement after a bitter winter and France left the area alone for about 50 years. It was engraved with the words 'Long Live the King of France'. Lawrence River.
On his first trip to Canada Jacques Cartier and his men kidnapped two Natives and took them back to France.
They were the sons of an Iroquoian chief. In Jacques Cartier and his crew of men plus the two kidnapped Natives left France to return to Canada. The majority of Cartier's men developed scurvy, but most survived with the help of a Native remedy that used boiled white spruce tree bark.
When Jacques Cartier and his men returned to France they took an Iroquoian chief, who told the king about riches of gold and rubies in a mythical city. In , King Francis I of France sent Cartier — likely because of his previous expeditions — on a new trip to the eastern coast of North America, then called the "northern lands.
Cartier sailed on April 20, , with two ships and 61 men, and arrived 20 days later. Lawrence, past Anticosti Island. Two Indigenous peoples Cartier had captured previously now served as guides, and he and his men navigated the St.
Lawrence, as far as Quebec, and established a base. In September, Cartier sailed to what would become Montreal and was welcomed by the Iroquois who controlled the area, hearing from them that there were other rivers that led farther west, where gold, silver, copper and spices could be found.
Before they could continue, though, the harsh winter blew in, rapids made the river impassable, and Cartier and his men managed to anger the Iroquois. So Cartier waited until spring when the river was free of ice and captured some of the Iroquois chiefs before again returning to France. Because of his hasty escape, Cartier was only able to report to the king that untold riches lay farther west and that a great river, said to be about 2, miles long, possibly led to Asia. In May , Cartier departed on his third voyage with five ships.
He had by now abandoned the idea of finding a passage to the Orient and was sent to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River on behalf of France. A group of colonists was a few months behind him this time.
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