When was immunization invented

Over the 18th and 19th centuries, systematic implementation of mass smallpox immunisation culminated in its global eradication in Plague vaccine was also invented in the late 19th Century.

Between and , bacterial vaccine development proliferated, including the Bacillis-Calmette-Guerin BCG vaccination, which is still in use today. In , Alexander Glenny perfected a method to inactivate tetanus toxin with formaldehyde. The same method was used to develop a vaccine against diphtheria in Pertussis vaccine development took considerably longer, with a whole cell vaccine first licensed for use in the US in Viral tissue culture methods developed from , and led to the advent of the Salk inactivated polio vaccine and the Sabin live attenuated oral polio vaccine.

Mass polio immunisation has now eradicated the disease from many regions around the world. Progess of polio elimination and Image:CDC. Attenuated strains of measles, mumps and rubella were developed for inclusion in vaccines.

Measles is currently the next possible target for elimination via vaccination. The person in purple is an infectious patient, people in blue are people who are not immune to the disease, and people who are in green are immune. As more people become immune there are less people becoming infected by the initial purple patient.

This is how herd immunity works. Thankfully, in the case of measles that has happened! By , enough of the population had become immune to measles by receiving the vaccine — not by having contracted measles — that it was classified as an eliminated virus by the World Health Organization.

This ability for a population to be collectively safe from a virus by the majority of its constituents being vaccinated is called herd immunity. Despite having achieved elimination status, there have been cases of measles resurgence due to individual choices not to vaccinate.

Though a small fraction of herd immunity comes from those individuals who contracted the disease and survived, it is essential to point out that no disease has ever been eradicated by allowing every person to contract it. As is evident in Sweden during the current pandemic, this approach has severe consequences. According to data published on the WHO Coronavirus Dashboard, as of February Sweden has suffered 12, deaths from COVID whereas its neighbor Norway, who has implemented restrictions, suffered , a per capita difference of over ten times higher deaths in Sweden.

This just goes to show the efficacy and importance of routine vaccination, especially when facing a public health crisis. We rely on donations to support the science that we believe will add years to people's lifespan and decades to their healthspan. Edited by Dr. Like our blog? Get notified whenever there's a new post! This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Support the Buck We rely on donations to support the science that we believe will add years to people's lifespan and decades to their healthspan.

Learn more. Keep up with our research. Sign up for our newsletter. Vaccine Safety. MMR Vaccine. IAC Home. Vaccine Timeline. It was not too many years ago when we celebrated the th anniversary of Edward Jenner's first smallpox vaccination in September 22, August 27, August 23, August 13, August 12, July 23, FDA expands indication of Shingrix vaccine to include adults aged 18 years and older who are or will be at increased risk of zoster due to immunodeficiency or immunosuppression caused by known disease or therapy.

July 16, July 8, July 6, June 25, June 9, FDA approves Prevnar 20 Pfizer pneumococcal valent conjugate vaccine for adults 18 years or older. May 14, May 10, April 27, April 23, April 13, March 2, February 27, February 12, CDC released the recommended immunization schedules for children and adolescents, as well as for adults on its website.

January 8, December 20, December 18, December 13, December 11, September 25, August 21, July 3, June 24, FDA expands license for Gardasil 9 to include preventing oropharyngeal and other head-and-neck cancers caused by relevant HPV types.

February 21, FDA approved Fluad Quadrivalent influenza vaccine, adjuvanted; Seqirus for adults 65 years and older. February 3, February 1, January 24, December 19, November 22, November 4, August 28, August 16, August 1, July 19, February 15, February 5, CDC released the U.

January 23, FDA approved use of the 0. January 14, FDA approved expanded use of Sanofi's Adacel Tdap vaccine for a second dose in people ages 10 through 64 years of age. December 21, November 7, ACIP published updated recommendations on use of hepatitis A vaccine for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis for international travel. October 25, October 8, October 5, August 24, June 8, June The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists issued a committee opinion on maternal immunization.

May 16, CDC released information about a new rapid rabies test that could save lives and lead to fewer unnecessary rabies shots. CDC published a comprehensive summary of previously published ACIP recommendations for prevention of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in the U. April 20, April The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists released a committee opinion on influenza vaccination in pregnancy.

February 6, CDC published the U. January 26, January 12, January 11, FDA approved expanded pediatric age indication for Fluarix Quadrivalent influenza vaccine. November 9, October 20, September 15, CDC published updated dosing instructions for hepatitis A prophylaxis with immune globulin. August 31, FDA expanded licensure of Afluria quadrivalent Seqirus to include people age 5 years and older. August 25, August AAP issued policy stating that newborns should routinely receive hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth.

June 30, May 19, May 12, February 7, December 16, November 18, FDA approved extending the age range for use of FluLaval Quadrivalent to include children 6 to 35 months of age. September 27, August 26, AAP released new policy statement that urges states to eliminate all non-medical exemptions to vaccine requirements. July 11, June 22, June 15, June 10, FDA approved Vaxchora for the prevention of cholera. April 14, FDA approved changes to vaccine administration schedule for Trumenba vaccine.

FDA approved Hiberix for full Hib vaccine series. December 14, November 24, FDA approved new injectable influenza vaccine, Fluad, for use in people age 65 years and older. October 23, ACIP published recommendations for the use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in adolescents and young adults. September 4, August 14, June 19, ACIP published recommendations for yellow fever booster doses. June 12, ACIP published recommendations for use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in people age ten years and older at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease.

American Medical Association adopted a new policy that supports ending non-medical vaccine exemptions, including those for healthcare professionals. April 29, March 27, March 24, FDA approved the use of Bexsero, the second vaccine licensed in the U.

FDA approved Rapivab to treat influenza infection. FDA approved quadrivalent formulation of Fluzone Intradermal inactivated influenza vaccine. December 10, October 29, FDA approved the use of Trumenba in the U.

September 19, June 20, May 5, April 25, CDC report showed year U. FDA lowered age of licensure for Adacel vaccine administration from age 11 years to 10 years. February 28, November 15, CDC published new recommendations for use of Japanese encephalitisvaccine in children. September 10, FDA expanded age indication for Menveo Novartis to include infants and toddlers age 2 through 23 months.

June 28, June 14, CDC published recommendations for preventing measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps. June 7, Booster dose of yellow fever vaccine not needed, according to WHO.

February 22, ACIP recommended a dose of Tdap vaccine during each pregnancy. February 8, January 25, FDA approved use of Prevnar 13 vaccine in older children and teens years. December 12, November 20, FDA approved first seasonal influenza vaccine manufactured using cell culture technology Flucelvax, Novartis.

October 24, ACIP voted to recommend that pregnant women receive a dose of Tdap during each pregnancy irrespective of the patient's prior history of receiving Tdap. United Nations Foundation launched Shot Life campaign.

December 30, October 21, Addition of history of intussusception as a contraindication for rotavirus vaccination. National survey indicated HPV vaccine rates trail other teen vaccines. FDA approved the first vaccine Menactra, meningococcal conjugate vaccine, Sanofi Pasteur to prevent meningococcal disease in infants and toddlers. HHS releases U. December 22, August 11, WHO declared end to H1N1 influenza pandemic. First smallpox vaccine for certain immune-compromised populations delivered under Project BioShield.

February 24, FDA approved licensure of Pneumococcal valent conjugate vaccine PCV13 , which offers broader protections against Steptococcus pneumoniae infections. February 19, FDA approved licensure of Menveo Novartis , meningococcal conjugate vaccine for people ages 11 through 55 years. January 29, ACIP recommended universal Influenza vaccination for those 6 months of age and older. FDA approved pneumococcal valent conjugate vaccine Prevnar 13 , which offers broader protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

December 23, FDA approved high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine Fluzone High-Dose for people ages 65 years and older. Merck issued announcement that the company will not resume production of monovalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines. FDA approved new indication for gardasil to prevent genital warts in men and boys. FDA approved four vaccines against the H1N1 influenza virus.

HHS announced advanced development contract for new way to make flu vaccine. ACIP voted to recommend hepatitis A vaccination for close contacts of international adoptees from countries with high and intermediate endemicity.

Vaccine Court ruled that MMR vaccine, when administered with thimerosal-containing vaccines, does not cause autism. FDA approved changes in the schedule for administering anthrax vaccine BioThrax, manufactured by Emergent BioSolutions and in the route of administration. FDA approved expanded indication for use of Boostrix Tdap vaccine in people ages years.

National Quality Forum included the hepatitis B birth dose among its consensus standards for improving health care for mothers and newborns. FDA approved the use of Sanofi Pasteur's Tenivac tetanus and diphtheria toxoids adsorbed for adults age 60 years and older.

FDA approved new rotavirus vaccine Rotarix for use in U. ACIP voted to expand influenza recommendation to include vaccination for children ages 6 months years.

CDC published updated recommendations for prevention of hepatitis A virus infection after exposure and before international travel in MMWR.

FDA approved use of Menactra, a bacterial meningitis vaccine, in children age years. FDA approved Afluria, a new inactivated influenza vaccine for use in people age 18 years and older. FDA approved use of FluMist nasal-spray influenza vaccine in children age years. ACIP voted to recommend routine use of meningococcal conjugate vaccine in adolescents ages years. FDA approves first U. FDA licensed the refrigerator formulation of FluMist. ACIP recommends second dose of varicella vaccine for children.

FDA licensed a new vaccine to reduce the risk of shingles herpes zoster in the elderly. Rotavirus vaccine, live, oral, pentavalent RotaTeq by Merck was licensed for use in infants ages 6 to 32 weeks. A final order on the anthrax vaccine was issued by FDA, stating that the licensed anthrax vaccine is safe and effective for the prevention of anthrax disease, regardless of the route of exposure. FDA approved lowering the age limit to 12 mos for the remaining U. A new Federal Medicare rule became effective that required all long-term care facilities to offer annual vaccination for influenza and one-time vaccination for pneumococcal disease to all residents as a condition of participation in Medicare.

A vaccine that combined the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella antigens Proquad by Merck was licensed. An inactivated, injectable influenza vaccine Fluarix by GlaxoSmithKline was licensed. FDA approved lowering the age limit to 12 mos for one of the two licensed hepatitis A vaccine Vaqta by Merck. An acellular pertussis vaccine combined with the adult formulation of tetanus and diphtheria Tdap: Boostrix by GSK was licensed for use as an active booster in persons years of age.

CDC announced that rubella was no longer endemic in the U. A significant shortage of influenza vaccine occurred in the U. Contracts were awarded to Aventis Pasteur and to Chiron to develop vaccine against the H5N1 avian influenza virus.

Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids adsorbed for adult use Decavac by Aventis Pasteur , preservative-free, was licensed. ACIP voted to recommend that children 6 to 23 months of age be vaccinated annually against influenza, with implementation scheduled for the fall of Project Bioshield Act of was enacted.

The first nasally administered influenza vaccine FluMist by MedImmune was licensed.