This research recommends export controls on penaid-related items under the Missile Technology Control Regime. Although the United States military has determined countering proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to be a strategic priority, policymakers have invested too little in the forces and capabilities needed to eliminate vulnerable arsenals.
Two presidents have declared counterproliferation of weapons of mass destruction WMD a top national priority, but it has not been budgeted or resourced as such.
This brief summarizes ground force capacities and capabilities needed to eliminate WMD. Joint force commanders should carefully consider requirements for eliminating weapons of mass destruction in their contingency and operational planning. And DoD policy decisions involving Army force structure should consider the conventional ground force requirements of such operations. An attacker's missile-borne countermeasures to ballistic missile defenses are known as penetration aids, or penaids.
Addressing the threat of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction requires interagency and international cooperation. This report demonstrates how one assessment framework can be applied to security cooperation programs. Gaps in defenses against chemical and biological weapon agents can pose a serious risk to U.
This paper summarizes early expert observations about the threat and possible responses. This RAND National Defense Research Institute study outlines and then applies a four-step process for developing regional approaches to working with appropriate partner countries around the world in order to compensate for limited resources and knowledge in confronting weapons of mass destruction WMD threats.
Terrorists' strategies are driven by the types and range of weapons and other technologies they acquire. The Proliferation Security Initiative consists of 91 countries seeking to limit the spread of weapons of mass destruction between states or non-state actors that would thereby pose a serious threat to global or regional security.
This report assesses the perspectives of the five "hold-out" nations and how to possibly gain their affiliation. Berkowitz, Bruce Bonds, Timothy M. Byrnes, James Chow, Brian G. Darilek, Richard E. Gordon, Pamela L. Hunter, Robert E. Jackson, Brian A. Jones, Gregory S.
Katz, Amrom H. McMahon, K. Scott Moroney, Jennifer D. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD Skip Navigation. Biological Weapons Biological weapons are a subset of a larger class of weapons referred to as weapons of mass destruction WMD , which also includes chemical, nuclear, and radiological weapons.
A Different Sort of Response T he response required for bioterrorism is also fundamentally different from that demanded by natural disasters, conventional explosives, chemical terrorism, radiological terrorism e. What is a Biological Agent? Biological agents can be delivered: as an aerosol by food?
Category A agents carry the highest priority because they: can be easily disseminated or spread person-to-person can be highly lethal have the potential for serious public health impact? These types of hazardous chemicals also could be obtained and used to harm people, or they could be accidentally released CDC, The techniques for making destructive chemical weapons are well understood and the necessary equipment is commonly available.
Once made, these weapons can be easily concealed. In a Japanese cult group known as Aum Shinrikyo made and dispersed the nerve agent sarin several times in the Tokyo subway, killing 17 people and sending 5, to the hospital. These incidents made it clear that even small groups could manage the manufacture and dispersal of deadly chemical weapons NTI, b,e. Chemical weapons use the toxic properties of chemicals to cause harm, up to and including death. Only a relatively small amount of a chemical agent is needed to produce significant physical and psychological effects.
Historically, chemical weapons have been the most widely used and proliferated type of WMD, but they receive far less attention than do biological and nuclear weapons NTI, b,e. The potential danger of a given weapon is measured by its lethality —how effectively it kills; its infectivity —how easily it spreads; and its virulence —how likely it is to cause disease. Chemical and biological weapons are financially and logistically easier to acquire than are radiologic or nuclear weapons.
They will cause more casualties and have a greater psychological impact than conventional weapons, but cause less destruction than devices involving radiation. Chemical weapons are somewhat easier than other weapons for terrorist groups or even individuals to manufacture because the manufacturing knowledge is readily available, many precursor chemicals have legitimate uses and are thus legally available, there is poor security around these chemicals in some countries, and small chemical manufacturing equipment is commonly available.
Radiologic and nuclear weapons rely on the same sources for damage—explosive power and radiation—but there is a distinction in their forms. In addition, true nuclear weapons produce tremendous heat, which can cause burns and start fires. In the last fifty years, most radiation injuries have been the result of accidents; however, the intentional deployment of a nuclear or radiologic device is a potential terrorist threat. Both radiologic and nuclear devices can damage and contaminate.
These devices require little more skill than is needed to make a conventional bomb and their components are easier to acquire. RDDs utilize conventional explosives to disperse a radioactive material packaged in the device, as opposed to a nuclear device, which creates radiation with its explosion.
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